See EXCHANGE THEORY OF FRIENDSHIP.

A term and a technique invented by the American PSYCHIATRIST J.L.Moreno. It is an attempt to measure what people in a group think and feel about each other.

Where the learning achieved in one situation is transferred to another situation. This can be positive (knowing Spanish aids the learning of Italian) or sometimes negative (knowing how to steer a car is detrimental to steering a boat with a tiller). See LEARNING SET

The stimulating effect on a person’s BEHAVIOUR of other people even the mere presence of other people. The HAWTHORNE EFFECT is an example of social facilitation.

A term introduced by the nineteenth century American psychologist William James, whose brother Henry James is considered to be the first writer of ‘stream of consciousness’ novels. The term was intended to emphasise the continuous nature of a person’s CONSCIOUS experience as opposed to a contemporary trend in PSYCHOLOGY to divide CONSCIOUSNESS into separate units for study.

According to the American psychologist ABRAHAM MASLOW. the ongoing striving to fulfil one’s capacities that is a sign of psychological health.

The ability to feel with someone. An emotional experience, as opposed to EMPATHY.

An experimental finding in SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY that parental opposition can lead to the strengthening of a young couple’s love.

See HIGHER-ORDER CONDITIONING.

Something that is not quite CONSCIOUS but can readily be made conscious. The term is most often used in a physiological sense, to denote an area of the continuum running from full conscious AWARENESS to deep sleep. Its PSYCHOANALYTIC equivalent is the PRECONSCIOUS. but not the UNCONSCIOUS with which it is popularly confused.