Relating to the constituent parts of an activity (e.g. the head. arm and leg movements in swimming) rather than the activity as a whole. Contrast with MOLAR.

See ENGRAM.

The part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM linking the BRAIN and the spinal cord. It helps regulate bodily processes such as blood pressure, heart rate and breathing.

According to FREUD this is the first STAGE in an infant’s life when he is mainly concerned with the pleasure he receives from his mouth and its functions. As with all Freud’s stages, excessive frustration or satisfaction may leave a person fixated on it with the eventual result that, in this case, as an adult he may exhibit an oral character typified by a great need for oral stimulation in the form of food, drink, cigarettes or even talking especially perhaps when making biting comments.

The detrimental effect on later learning of previous learning, because of the different responses required in the two situations. For instance, to steer a boat with a tiller after learning to drive a car. See TRANSFER OF TRAINING.

One of the most ancient of philosophical debates; what is the relationship of the MIND to the body? Answers to this question have included; (1) they influence each other totally: (2) they don’t influence each other at all: (3) mind doesn’t really exist: (4) body doesn’t really exist: (5) mind and body are really the same thing. And you wondered what philosophers did for a living.

Identical twins who develop from the same fertilised egg or ZYGOTE. Contrast with DIZYGOTIC TWINS.

Literally, the PERSONALITY which represents the MODE of a group. An anthropological term for that hypothetical individual whose personality is typical and illustrative of a particular group or society.

A follower of Freud who also accepts later modifications in psychoanalytic theory. Fromm. Homey and Sullivan are the most prominent examples of such modifiers. Early followers of Freud’s who broke away from this movement, notably Adler and Jung, are usually known as schismatics.

Mother, father and 2.4 children.