A FREE ASSOCIATION test of 100 words together with a standardised list of the relative FREQUENCY of people’s responses to them.

The principle underlying the connections in the MEMORY between certain ideas, feelings or behaviours. Aristotle made the first formulation of these principles in the 4th Century BC.

The image of a visual stimulus that lasts for a second or two in the MEMORY.

Compare with ECHOIC STORE.

See MONOZYGOTIC TWINS.

See INNATE RELEASING MECHANISM.

From the Latin word for ‘it’: according to FREUD, the id houses the deepest UNCONSCIOUS drives which are most in touch with the biological nature of the body and is one of the three main aspects of the PERSONALITY. The id is dominated by the pleasure principle and causes problems for the EGO when its drives are blocked.

In SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, the term used for the unquestioned assumption that the world is a just place where the deserving are rewarded and the undeserving punished. It therefore follows that if people are punished they must have done something to deserve it, and this is how the HYPOTHESIS accounts for people who blame victims for their own misfortunes.

See also DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE.

The goals or standards of performance a person sets for himself.

The process of examining and reporting on the contents of one’s own MIND.

A young patient whom FREUD cured of a PHOBIA about horses. Not to be confused with CLEVER HANS.