The CHROMOSOMES which determine sex. In most species, including homo sapiens, females have two x chromosomes and males one x and one y.

A technique of gathering data from large numbers of people by the use of questionnaires and SAMPLING methods.

All the elements that make up a person’s view of himself, including SELF-IMAGE.

The branch of PSYCHOLOGY that deals with the world of work. It includes selection, training, job satisfaction, the environment, the organisation, human relationships in the job and ERGONOMICS.

The branch of PSYCHOLOGY that deals with social life, the BEHAVIOUR of people in groups, and the behaviour of individuals in social settings.

A form of FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR applied to oneself (one’s SELF).

The inner surface of the eyeball which receives visual images and transmits them as neural impulses via the OPTICNERVE to the BRAIN.

An alternative to the concept of an ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD of sensation which suggests that PERCEPTION (detection) of a stimulus (signal) is related to the sensitivity of the sense receptors and the MOTIVATION of the individual to respond.

As used in PSYCHOLOGY, the study of psychological PHENOMENA with the assumption that they have some goal or purpose, and the search for that goal or purpose.

In GAME THEORY, a situation where one person’s losses are another’s gains because there is a finite amount to be won. (The gains and losses in the game add up to zero.) This situation has been suggested as a MODEL for the distribution of rewards in our society.